destinysm8o: January 2012

Zynga has taken a beating in its first two days of trading as a public company, with the stock closing at $9.05 a share today, down almost 10 percent from its initial public offering price of $10 a share on Friday.

But a well-known video game analyst came out with a report today that says Zynga will “outperform” the stock market and hit a price of about $12.50 a share within a year. Michael Pachter, an analyst at Wedbush Securities, issued a 34-page report today that examined the business closely and concluded that “Zynga is well-positioned for revenue growth due to its dominant market share among social game publishers, its track record of releasing very popular and durable games of the highest quality, and its myriad opportunities to expand beyond Facebook.”

[Update: Another veteran game analyst, Atul Bagga of Lazard Capital Markets, also initiated coverage with a "buy" rating today, setting a price target of $12 a share. See more on his report at the bottom].

Pachter noted that Zynga has a big opportunity to expand its advertising revenues, given that the company has more than 200 million monthly active users. Zynga’s ad revenues were 73 percent of its total revenue in 2008, but the company scaled that back to improve the user experience in games. Now, ad revenue is only 6 percent of 2011 revenue year-to-date. If Zynga made $1 in ad revenue from each of its users each month, that would create revenues of $2.4 billion. Pachter thinks that a small increase in ads would boost revenues without alienating users. Branded virtual goods, sponsorships and engagement ads would likely be welcomed by users.

Pachter, a longtime video game industry analyst, was also optimistic about Zynga’s ability to migrate its social games to mobile platforms and monetize them. He said the 12-month price target reflects an estimate of 9.5 times 2013 adjusted EBITDA (earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization). Earnings are expected to grow about 93 percent in 2012 and 25 percent in 2013.

Other points that Pachter emphasized:

– Zynga is the leading social game developer and publisher, with six of the top 10 games on Facebook. The company has more monthly active users than the next 12 social game developers combined. Zynga’s titles are durable too, as many of its hits were released before 2011, and Pachter says the quality of Zynga’s games continues to improve. Empires & Allies, for instance, gave Zynga’s players a taste of combat and strategy for the first time. That helped Zynga reach more hardcore gamers, who spend more money. Pachter says that CastleVille, released in November, is like CityVille on steroids, with more built-in longevity and monetization. CastleVille currently has 37.1 million monthly active users, not far from Zynga’s market-leading CityVille at 48.8 million.

– The key to making money from the games, Pachter said, is accumulation of resources. If players lose patience with the time it takes to gather resources, they are more likely to pay to speed up that time. Players can also ask friends to provide them with resources, and that request on its own constitutes a free advertisement for the game, helping a title to spread from friend to friend. That is why Zynga’s games are so viral.

– The company is well-positioned for long-term growth. The company launched several major games such as Adventure World, Mafia Wars 2, and CastleVille — all late in the year — and those are likely to contribute to revenues in 2012. Wedbush believes Zynga revneues could grow from about $1.2 billion in 2011 to $1.53 billion in 2012. Longer term, drivers include growth in the number of Facebook users, growth in the number of games played by Zynga players from the current 1.4 per player, and increased monetization of the Zynga player base.

– Revenue growth areas include mobile. At 11.1 million daily active users on mobile, Zynga’s mobile usage grew 10-fold over 2010. Mobile could be 10 percent of Zynga’s revenue by 2013, up from 7 percent in 2011, Pachter said.

– By 2015, Wedbush believes Zynga could grow revenues to $4.5 billion.

– Growth in China is a big opportunity. Zynga has a deal with China’s Tencent social network in a deal where Tencent keeps 70 percent of the revenue. But it provides Zynga with protection against piracy and access to around 700 million users. China revenues are expected to grow from $11.6 million in 2011 to $46.5 million in 2013. International revenues grew to 35 percent in 2011, compared to 32 percent a year earlier.

– Zynga can use its Project Z platform to expand its games beyond Facebook.

– Zynga will likely expand more rapidly in the future. Pachter believes the company will launch 8 to 10 games a year and retire maybe four or five older ones.

Pachter also pointed out some risks for Zynga. Those include changes in game releases, a possible loss of interest in Facebook over time, changes to the economics of its Facebook agreements, inability to create more hits, increased competition, and higher demand for video game console games. Zynga is also spending a lot on game development and other research and development. R&D cost about $400 million in 2011 and it could hit $516 million in 2012. Stock-based compensation could also cost Zynga $400 million a year.

Pachter noted that EA’s team in China is working on a version of SimCity for Facebook, and that could take a toll in Zynga’s games, especially CityVille.

In a report for Lazard Capital Markets, Bagga said the company is a leader, has a meaningful advantage with a large user base, it understands users and their playing habits, and it knows how to manage its audience. He expected continued momentum on Facebook and higher monetization per user, driven by improved conversion of players from free to paid status and by advertising. And he is positive on Zynga’s attempt to create its own social network with Project Z.

Like Pachter, Bagga sees games-as-a-service to be a new and powerful category serving social gamers with an estimated compound annual growth rate of 30 percent over the next five years. Social mobile gaming, meanwhile, could grow at a compound annual growth rate of 34 percent over the next five years. Social mobile games could grow from $1.2 billion in 2010 to $5.2 billion by 2015. On a global basis, mobile games could grow from $3 billion in 2010 to $8.4 billion by 2015.

Since Zynga leads the fast-growing Facebook games category, it is logical it should have higher valuation than its rivals. Ad revenue in social games could grow 35 percent CAGR over the next five years, Bagga said.

Games are a hit-or-miss business, but Zynga is less likely to launch and invest heavily in misses because it can do A/B testing and quickly figure out what works or doesn’t work with its audience. Zynga also has plenty of new markets it can enter, Bagga said.

Many have noted that Zynga’s conversion rate, or percentage of users who buy something in a free-to-play game, is a scant 2.5 percent. But this percentage has been growing, from 1.7 percent in 2009, but it is still much lower than the 10 percent to 25 percent rate in China, Korea and Japan.Bagga said that the average revenue per daily active user for Zynga was 6 cents a day, up 66 percent from 2009.

Bagga also noted that real-money wagering of poke could become legal at some point the U.S. and Zynga’s poker game could benefit from that, as real-money online poker could be a $3 billion to $5 billion market in the U.S.

Bagga noted that “whales,” or users who pay huge sums for goods, represent a dependency risk for Zynga. Typically, Bagga said 5 percent of the paying users account for 50 percent of the total revenue. While he acknowledges Zynga’s revenue growth is slowing, he believes the strong pipeline of titles coming will renew that growth in 2012. And despite the growing competition, Zynga has grown its market share of gamers on Facebook from 52 percent to 58 percent in three years.

Bagga believes that Zynga could also launch games in the hardcore sector of social games, currently occupied by rivals such as Kixeye and Kabam. The monetization on these games is much higher than in simulation games.

MoMinis, an Israeli mobile game firm, is launching PlayScape, its first “Mega-Game” with 50 games inside one free Android app.

The PlayScape Mega-Game offers a uniform cross-game experience and allows you to carry experience points and virtual currency accumulated in one game to another. It should make for convenient and frequent game playing, said Eyal Rabinovich, vice president of marketing and co-founder of MoMinis, in an interview.

The cross-game features will encourage players to try out more games, helping game developers with the critical problem of discovery. In the huge Android Market with hundreds of thousands of games, it isn’t easy to get noticed. So developers need something like the MoMinis PlayScape Mega-Game. The app is free, and so are the games, but users pay for virtual goods within the games.

“It provides a good starting point for new players and a real challenge for hardcore players,” Rabinovich said. “The idea behind this is that once you spend a lot of time playing one game, you’ll want to make use of what you have earned to play other games.”

The game is live in the Android Market now. MoMinis developed PlayScape based on an extensive three-year analysis of the 200-plus games that have been created with the MoMinis game development tools. The MoMinis Studio, as it is called, helped the company understand the broad range of player behavior and motivation. That in turn helped MoMinis craft the PlayScape Mega-Game with built-in incentives and a fun cross-game experience. It’s like a meta game layer above the individual games.

Rabinovich said the PlayScape gaming experience is engaging because it has cross-game missions that are constantly refreshed, encouraging players to achieve “experience points” that accumulate over time. Players also earn PlayScape Coins, a virtual currency that is redeemable for virtual goods, new games, and power ups.

It’s akin to the old arcades, where users bought tokens. They would play their favorite game, but then they would use the leftover tokens to try out something new.

“If you play a game for months, you’ll earn enough points to get more games,” Rabinovich said. “And once they spend money in a game, they will just keep on going. It’s a much better choice than starting from scratch without any points to spend. It’s a very natural transition to go to another MoMinis game.”

PlayScape is launching with 50 games in genres including arcade, casual, sports, puzzle, action, and brain. The titles include Bouncy Bill, an arcade game in the Android Market with 500,000 downloads ; Hoopz, a slam-dunk basketball game; Ninja Run, an action-adventure game, and Bubble Monkey, an arcade game for the family.

MoMinis says it provides developers and mobile operators with an end-to-end cross-platform mobile gaming solution, from development to distribution. MoMinis offers developers The Mobile Studio, a free development environment for making games in hours or days instead of weeks and months. MoMinis also distributes the games and earns a share of revenue generated. MoMinis provides games to mobile operators NTT DoCoMo and Turkcell.

In tests conducted by the company, it found that 5 to 12 percent of customers bought apps, significantly higher than the 1 to 3 percent industry average. Starting in the first quarter, developers will begin earning revenue from the monetization opportunities in PlayScape, including virtual currency purchases, advertising, alternative payments such as offers, and other paid services. Players can play for free if they complete enough missions and earn experience points.

MoMinis has raised $4.9 million to date from BRM Capital and Mitsui Ventures. The company was founded in 2008 and has 18 employees. Rivals include Gree, DeNA/Ngmoco, iSwifter and others making meta game layers. And it competes with GameSalad, Unity Technologies and others making game development tools.

Founders include Tzach Hadar, chief technology officer and a former member of an intelligence unit of the Israeli Defense Force. Rabinovich is a seasoned engineer who previous worked at Hegde-Tech Financial Engineering and Lipman Electronic Engineering. Zvi Rabinovich, co-founder, is vice president of research and development.

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